Creating A File Share

If you want to share in the files that are stored on a server, you'll have to first create a file share. A file share is essentially a designated entry point through which users can access the files. The reason why a file share is necessary is because it would be a huge security risk to share the full contents of the server.

Creating a file share is simple. To do so, begin the process by creating a folder in the location where you want the shared data to reside. For example, many file servers have a designated storage array or a data drive whose sole purpose is to store data (as opposed to program files and operating system components).

In most cases, you'll probably have quite a few folders worth of data that you need to share. It is also common for each of these folders to have its own unique security requirements. You can create a separate share for each folder, but doing so is usually considered to be a bad idea unless each share resides on a different volume. There are exceptions to every rule, but in most cases you will only want to create one file share per volume. You can place all of your folders within this single file share, and then assign the necessary permissions on a per folder basis. As this discussion progresses, you'll begin to understand why creating multiple file sharers is such a bad idea.

If you've already got a bunch of folders in place, and don't worry about it. You can easily create a new folder and then move your existing folders into the new folder. Another option is to create a file share at the volume level, in which case you would not have to move the existing folders.

For the purposes of this article, I'm going to assume that you've created a folder that will contain subfolders beneath it, and that you will be sharing this top level folder. Once you have created your folder, right-click on it and choose the Sharing and Security command from the resulting shortcut menu. When you do, you will see the folder's properties sheet, as shown in Figure A.

Figure A: The Sharing tab gives you the option of sharing the folder

 As you can see in the figure, the Sharing tab allows you to control whether or not the folder is shared. When you select the Share this Folder option, you will be prompted to enter a share name. The name that you choose is very important. Windows isn't nearly as picky as it used to be about share names, but even so, I would recommend that you keep the share name under 16 characters and avoid using spaces or symbols for backward compatibility purposes. I should also mention that if you were to make the last character of the share name a dollar sign, then the share that you are creating becomes invisible. This is known as a hidden share. Windows offers several different hidden shares by default, and I will talk more about hidden shares later in the series.

The Comment field allows you to enter a comment about what the share is used for. This is purely for administrative purposes. Comments are optional, but documenting shares is never a bad idea.

Now take a look at the User Limit section. You will notice in the figure that the user limit is set by default to Maximum Allowed. Anytime that you deploy a Windows server, you must have the necessary client access licenses in place. You have the option of either a purchasing licenses for each individual client, or licensing the server to support a specific number of connections. Assuming that you have multiple servers, it is usually less expensive to license clients rather than an individual servers. At any rate, when the user limit is set to Maximum Allowed, it means that an unlimited number of clients can connect to the share until the number of connections meets the number of licenses that you have purchased. If you're using a per client licensing model, then access to the share is technically unlimited, but it's still up to use make sure that you have a license for every client.

Your other option is to allow a specific number of users to connect to the share. This option has a lot less to do with licensing than it does performance. Lower end hardware may not be able to support a large number of client connections. Therefore, Microsoft gives you the option of limiting the number of simultaneous connections to the share, so as not to overwhelm your hardware.